Operational Technology or OT controls equipment monitors processes, and assures safety in industrial operations. Industrial operations today integrated with smarter technology are more prone to cyber-attacks than they would have been when less technologically advanced.
Unless properly secured, factories, power plants, and other industrial setups can be exposed to potential financial loss, reputation damage, and even a risk of safety. This article will elaborate on best practices for OT system security to ensure seamless and safe industrial operations.
Understand the Difference Between IT and OT Systems
IT and OT serve different purposes. While IT has data management, the case of OT is that of handling physical operations. For example, it can be used to control machines. IT cybersecurity is not usually applicable to OT because most OT systems run 24/7 and stability is preferred over updating it.
Knowing these differences helps develop appropriate security designs. For example, OT may not be shut down for patching software so there is extra work at preventing exploitation of that potential vulnerability.
Periodically Conduct Risk Assessments
A key element of effective OT cybersecurity is the ongoing identification of risks within operational technology systems. This is typically accomplished via a risk assessment process that uncovers weaknesses, like outdated software or improper network configurations. These identified vulnerabilities are then prioritized within the OT cybersecurity risk assessment based on their potential impact on operations.
For instance, in a factory, the control system is typically more critical than an employee’s workstation. Once at-risk areas are identified, the targeted areas can now focus on remediation such as security updates and restricted access to the network.
Employ Network Segmentation
Network segmentation involves dividing a system to limit the spread of potential cyberattacks. Businesses limit the impact of malware, or unauthorized entry, by OT systems being placed in different networks from other functions of the plant.
For example, machines controlling the output of an automobile factory cannot receive internet access through direct connections, and firewalls can separate these sections while allowing only authorized communication.
Limit Access to OT Systems
Access to sensitive OT systems should be strictly limited. Reduced access reduces the chances of an error through ignorance or intent to cause sabotage. Access should only be given when needed for work requirements.
A machine operator doesn’t need to access the network administrator’s tools. Password strength, multi-factor authentication, and account reviews can be done regularly to implement this principle.
Update Your Software and Systems
In most attacks, hackers target outdated software. The current protections against established threats are enjoyed by up-to-date OT systems.
Although updating OT requires careful planning and preparation to minimize disruption to any operations, all updates should be put to the test initially in a test environment before a live system setting. This precaution minimizes all risks while staying secure.
Train Employees on Cybersecurity Awareness
Employees are the first line of defense against cyber threats. Regular training can help them recognize phishing emails, suspicious activity, and other security risks. Employees should be instructed not to connect unknown USB drives to company computers. A well-informed team reduces the chances of accidental security breaches.
Monitor Systems Continuously
Real-time monitoring with continuous activity helps identify abnormal events for an appropriate response to threats. Intrusion detection systems may raise alerts for problems encountered by security teams, including unauthorized access or the presence of malware.
For example, if a system managing factory equipment starts behaving abnormally, tools monitoring its activity would flag it for further investigation. This prevents small matters from becoming a major problem.
Create an Incident Response Plan
No system, even with the best security measures, is completely safe from cyberattacks. An incident response plan ensures that industries can respond fast to contain and recover from an incident.
The actions would include isolation of affected systems, notification of key personnel, and restoration of operations. Periodic drills will help the team be aware of their roles and carry out the plan effectively.
Use Strong Encryption
Encryption protects sensitive data from unauthorized access. For OT systems, encryption of communication between devices ensures that hackers cannot intercept or alter critical information.
For example, encrypting data sent between a control system and its sensors prevents attackers from tampering with it. Strong encryption is especially important for systems connected to the internet.
Leverage Industry Experts
No organization can do the job of cybersecurity alone. Coordination with industry experts or membership in the cybersecurity networks provides much-needed tools and insights. For example, CISA provides resources and best practices for the protection of critical infrastructure. Collaboration helps industries beat emerging threats.
Minimize The Use of Legacy Systems
Legacy systems refer to older technologies without the incorporation of new security controls. Many legacy systems keep on functioning, but these offer a tremendous amount of risks within cyberspace.
Legacy systems must be either replaced or upgraded if feasible to ensure safety. When such replacement is impossible, the option is compensating controls like system disconnection from the entire network.
Security Audit
Audits on security measures indicate how effective a company has been in cybersecurity. Analyses indicate gaps and areas where improvements are required. For instance, an audit may indicate that the OT system lacks access controls. This is how the organization will be prevented from increasing threats.
Limit Internet Connectivity
Not all OT systems need to be connected to the internet. The more unnecessary systems that are connected to the internet, the more their attack surface is expanded by cyber threats. For instance, a factory robot does not have to be connected to the internet to do its job.
Removal of the devices that are not necessary from the internet will reduce the possibility of ransomware attacks or unauthorized access.
Physical Security Measures
More than just ensuring to protect systems against threats that emanate from the internet, cybersecurity also helps keep OT systems safe by providing physical security. Limit sensitive areas such as server rooms and control centers to only authorized access.
Protect equipment through measures such as keycards, surveillance cameras, and cabinets. Physical security provides yet another layer of defense against tampering and theft.
Test Security Measures Regularly
Testing verifies the measures taken are functioning as planned. For instance, the systems and responses of the workers can be tested using simulated attacks. Constant tests will identify weaknesses that could have gone undetected during regular operations. Weakness-solving increases security.
Back-Up Critical Data
Data backup ensures that industries bounce back quickly after a cyber attack. For OT systems, it means backing up configurations, software, and other important files. Store backups in a secure offsite location, safe from both physical and cyber threats. Regularly test backups to ensure they work when needed.
Stay Informed About Emerging Threats
Cyber threats evolve constantly. Updates on the newest risks and trends help the industry update its measurement of security. For instance, subscribe to relevant OT cybersecurity-related newsletters or attend industry conferences. Being proactive will always put the companies one step ahead of their attackers.
Use Multi-Layered Security
It is not enough to depend on a single security measure. Multi-layered security is the integration of various tools and strategies to provide a stronger defense. For instance, use firewalls, antivirus software, and employee training together. If one layer fails, others can still protect the system.
Conclusion
Following best practices, such as those discussed above, can protect the OT systems of industries from cyber attacks and ensure that the operation goes on seamlessly and safely. Cybersecurity is an ongoing process; staying proactive will be the secret to success.
FAQs
Why is OT cybersecurity different from IT cybersecurity?
OT systems focus on operational stability and safety, while IT systems focus on data management and user convenience.
How frequently should companies conduct risk assessments?
Companies must conduct risk assessments at least once a year or when OT systems change significantly.
What is the most prevalent cyber threat to OT systems?
Ransomware is the most common attack; it targets the systems to create a disruption and demand payment.